Communication

Data Communication Explained: Encoding, Signals, and Transmission Media

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Data Communication: How the commonly used characters, symbols, numbers, etc. used in the language are converted into machine text language and become bits and bytes. To maintain the international standard of this bit or byte conversion, there are various encodings called ASCII to Unicode. The ASCII (7 bit) encoding contains 128 characters, while the ASCII […]

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Automation in Libraries: A Brief History

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By automation of information institutions, we basically mean the application of computer and communication technology, especially computer technology, in carrying out the day-to-day activities of libraries and information institutions. Socially, we can call the application of these three technologies—computers, telecommunications, and reprography—automation. These daily activities are called housekeeping operations. We can divide the historical trend

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Granada Library: A Historical Study of Scholarship,Patronage,and Cultural Exchange
Interest in Greek literature, science, and philosophy spread far beyond the Christian world. When the Arabs expanded their empire—from Central Asia to Asia Minor, and from North Africa to Spain—they carried a strong tradition of curiosity and learning. Wherever they
Printed and Unprinted Documents: Meaning, Characteristics, and Modern Relevance
In the world of Library and Information Science (LIS), two terms appear frequently—documentation and informationization. Although they may sound complex at first glance, both are rooted in a simple idea: organizing knowledge so that it is accessible, understandable, and usable
An Analytical Discussion of the Five Essential Elements of 21st-Century Journalism
With the emergence of online media as a medium, a new type of media environment is prevailing around the world. In traditional media, institutions are conducting various experiments and research to maintain their existence in this environment. Using new technologies,
Library Committee Systems: Types, Responsibilities, and Librarian-Committee Relation
The word Commit means to entrust or to entrust responsibility to something or someone. On the other hand, the legal meaning of the word Committee is the elected persons or associations on whom a responsibility is assigned as a group.
The Role of Directories in Modern Libraries: History, Functions, and Assessment Criteria
The Dictionary of Library and Information Science defines a directory as, ‘It is an alphabetical or classified list of individuals, organizations, institutions, etc., in which contact information (name, address, phone/fax number, etc.) and other relevant information (institutional relations, conferences, publications,