January 2026

Concept of Entries in Library Cataloguing: Definition, Importance and Rules under AACR

Concept of Entries in Library Cataloguing: Definition, Importance and Rules under AACR

To know about secondary entry, first we need to know what is devotion or its types or how many types. The collection of a library is the library catalog or list. While creating this catalog, care is taken to ensure that the reader can easily understand the list and find the desired book. Entry is […]

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Ready Reference Service in Libraries: Concept, Need, and Methods

Ready Reference Service in Libraries: Concept, Need, and Methods

According to S.R. Ranganathan, a ready reference service is a service that is provided within a very short time, if possible within a moment. Time is the main criterion for such a service. According to Ranganathan, most ready reference services are provided within a few minutes, some take longer, but usually never more than half

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Medieval Books in the Middle Ages : Preservation, Production, and Culture

Medieval Books in the Middle Ages: Preservation, Production, and Culture

Medieval Books: The survival of books was threatened by foreign plunderers with the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century. Fortunately, the clergy resisted this threat and became a stable agency committed to preserving books. The monks, having recovered the necessary books related to the doctrine or tradition and full of scholarship, took

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The total number of fields in MARC 21 is 182, and 1711 subfields have been defined so far. Below is a description of the notable fields of MARC 21:

MARC 21 Bibliographic Records: Concept, Components, and Cataloging Practice

MARC is a term coined by the principal of Machine Readable Cataloging. Machine readable means that a special type of machine computer can read, interpret, and perform various operations on cataloging records in databases. Components of a Bibliographic Cataloging Record: We know that a cataloging record is a special type of bibliographic record that is

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Concept of Automatic Cataloging and Automatic Indexing in Modern Libraries

Concept of Automatic Cataloging and Automatic Indexing in Modern Libraries

Modern Library Computer based cataloging is popular in the country. A computer is an automatic device that can store entries, add new entries or withdraw them. Computer entries are automatically generated in machine readable form. They are stored by input. Later, when needed, they are retrieved through output. This is called online cataloging. The system

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Automated Circulation Systems in Libraries: Evolution, Components, and Functions

Automated Circulation Systems in Libraries: Evolution, Components, and Functions

Circulation in any library is a very specific, regular, and routine task. Through this, the relationship between the customers and the documents can be controlled, and they can be kept informed about them. This system includes lending documents, returning them, imposing fines or taking other measures if they are overdue, storing them, etc. Therefore, circulation

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