The literal meaning of the term systems analysis is process analysis. We are constantly faced with various problems in doing a task and analysis is needed to determine. Analysis is needed to determine what methods or procedures should be adopted to solve any problems.
To properly carry out or manage a task, various techniques are used. It is frequently observed, however, that some errors persist across all approaches. These mistakes also make it more difficult to accomplish specific goals. By developing a stunning system, system development provides a solution to all of these problems and ensures the seamless completion of the task. In other words, development is the process of creating a new system to achieve better outcomes.
An attempt to analyze the overall activities of a development through an acceptable design by analyzing a conventional method is called a life cycle.
The system development life cycle can be divided into seven parts, mainly on the basis of different phases of the life cycle. The steps are discussed below:
- Project Introduction:
The first and foremost task of system development is project selection. Then survey should be conducted on selected project through short investigation. What is the quality and aim of the organization now? They have to select the project by looking at whether the organization has the ability to bear all the costs of the method they want to develop and whether the management of the organization has the will. After the project identification, it should be seen what the problem of the project is and how it can be solved and a draft policy should be prepared. As a result, the project will be able to easily solve the problem of developing the method in front of the objective.
2. Feasibility study:
Feasibility study is the process of checking all the materials that will be needed to develop the system or all the things that are needed to solve the problem. The current system needs to be evaluated to determine whether the next system to be introduced is likely to benefit at all. There are eight steps in the feasibility study. They are:
- Selection of representative: A representative should be appointed by forming the team for the potential lesson.
- Flowchart: Work flowcharts or Questionnaires should be developed in conjunction with the project team to collect data.
- Selection of computer: The machine i.e. computer must be selected for the work
- Alternative methods: The software that is available for computer use should also be looked at its defects and what alternatives can be used.
- Tender Evaluation: Equipment selection criteria are identified, ie tenders are to be evaluated
- Cost-benefit analysis: The financial aspects of the alternative approach to be adopted should be evaluated. That is, a cost benefit analysis must be done and the results of the financial investment must also be evaluated.
- Issuance of work instructions: Assessing the above criteria and identifying the best one, the selector should arrange permission.
- Preparation of report: A feasibility study report should be prepared and submitted to the administration for the comprehensive work plan.
3. Analysis:
Analyzing the existing system to identify the needs and how the new system should work, to describe the tasks individually and seek user feedback. Current methods of data collection need to be evaluated in detail. The tasks of analysis will be specific terms, what will be the input, how to get the output and how to protect communication through networking, etc. For example, data dictionary, data flow diagram, etc. should be drawn. The general activities are:
- Gather requirements via questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis.
- Model and analyze the current system (with the aid of DFDs and ERDs, for example).
- Describe the requirements, both functional and non-functional.
4. Design:
Building a system through drawing is called design. It should be designed in such a way that it is more useful to the users – outputs, inputs, files etc. can be designed separately. Sub system, file program, model can be designed through computer. The design requires the following features:
- Acceptability: Whether it is acceptable in the work for which it is to be designed.
- Goal: Create the new system’s architecture in accordance with the requirements.
- Flexibility: The design should be such that it can be changed easily
- Reliability: The user must have credibility about the design, system interfaces, user interfaces, and data models.
- Economy: Arrangements should be made to get good design for less money
- Simplicity: Design must have simplicity i.e. easy to understand by the user.
- Planning: Planning should be designed keeping in mind the right direction of implementation. Make plans for the network infrastructure, software, and hardware.
- Actions: Create the logical and physical design specifications.
- Outcomes: Document containing design specifications, data model diagrams, and prototypes for UI/UX design
5. Implementation:
The work planned for system development should be implemented. For implementation -design analysis, programming testing and creation of file are needed. There are five stages of implementation, which are as follows:
- Work preparation for system implementation
- The program needs to be developed
- Necessary equipment must be procured
- The system should be examined
- System installation and conversion procedures must be established consistently.
6. Installation:
Before Installation the system, it should be seen whether the system is accepted by those for whom the system is developed. It is an important step in the system development life cycle. If they don’t accept, the system becomes meaningless.
7.Post Implementation and Evaluation:
The system developed for a task should be reviewed and evaluated. Whether there is any error somewhere or whether the users of this system will get any benefit at all or whether something has been omitted somewhere should be re-discussed. If everything looks fine then the method is bound to become active.
The SDLC is a framework for systematic development and delivery of high-quality information systems. Each stage builds upon the previous one, with specific deliverables ensuring that the project remains on track and meets stakeholder expectations. This iterative process may cycle back to earlier stages as necessary to refine and improve the system.
